The Federal Government has raised an alert across the country following concerns over the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), with Lagos identified as a top priority for surveillance due to its high volume of international travel.
The Director of Port Health Services, Dr. Akpan Nse, confirmed this development in an exclusive interview with *The PUNCH*, stating that Points of Entry (PoE) in all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory have been notified and are on high alert. Dr. Nse emphasized that Lagos, as a hub for air, sea, and land travel, is being closely monitored.
“We have notified every point of entry in the country, which we did as early as this week,” Nse said. “In Lagos, people arrive through various means, and it is crucial that borders there are well monitored. We are working day and night to ensure thorough screening of immigrants.”
Dr. Nse explained that HMPV is a respiratory virus that can cause anything from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory infections, particularly in vulnerable groups such as young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The virus has no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine, leaving supportive care like hydration, rest, and fever management as the main recovery options.
Preparedness at Ports of Entry
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, has classified the risk of HMPV in Nigeria as moderate. According to Dr. Nse, surveillance efforts have been intensified at major ports of entry, including Lagos, Abuja, Kano, Enugu, and Port Harcourt, where international flights frequently arrive.
“We still need to conduct cross-border interactions,” Nse added. “Port Health Officers must collaborate with their counterparts in neighboring countries to share case definitions and preventive strategies.”
Dr. Nse also stressed the importance of public cooperation with health officials, stating, “It is vital that people respect the authority of Port Health officers. High-status individuals must not bypass necessary procedures. Fairness and vigilance are critical for everyone’s safety.”
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NCDC’s Proactive Measures
The NCDC revealed that it is taking proactive steps to curb the potential spread of HMPV. In a statement, the agency noted that its measures include enhanced surveillance, laboratory testing, and public awareness campaigns. “We are conducting a comprehensive situation analysis at all international PoEs to assess readiness levels,” the NCDC stated.
Quarantine facilities have been identified nationwide, with at least one center available in every state. More centers will be activated if the situation worsens. Dr. Nse assured that isolation centers at airports are equipped to handle suspected cases before transferring patients to appropriate health facilities.
The NCDC highlighted its efforts to stockpile Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), laboratory consumables, and other essential supplies. Additionally, health facilities have been advised to maintain isolation rooms for potential cases. “Healthcare workers are being trained to manage cases effectively and maintain a high index of suspicion,” the agency added.
Global Context and WHO Advisory
Globally, cases of HMPV have been reported in countries such as China, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and Kazakhstan. The World Health Organization (WHO) has, however, not declared HMPV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
In its latest advisory, WHO recommended maintaining vigilance against respiratory infections during the Northern Hemisphere winter. “Individuals should take precautions like staying home when mildly sick, wearing masks in crowded spaces, and practicing hand hygiene,” the global health body stated.
WHO also confirmed that China, which has seen an expected seasonal rise in respiratory infections, has not reported unusual outbreak patterns. “Chinese authorities have ensured that healthcare systems remain stable, and hospital utilization is lower than this time last year,” WHO noted.
Public Awareness Key to Prevention
Dr. Nse reiterated the importance of public awareness and preventive measures. Symptoms of HMPV include cough, fever, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, and, in severe cases, pneumonia. Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses, are at higher risk.
To mitigate the virus’s impact, the NCDC is working closely with state governments, healthcare facilities, and media outlets to disseminate accurate information. “Our efforts reflect a commitment to proactive coordination and response at all levels of public health,” the agency stated.
The government has assured the public that all measures are being taken to prevent the spread of the virus. Dr. Nse urged everyone to remain vigilant and report any symptoms early. “We are all in this together, and with cooperation and preparedness, we can minimize the impact of HMPV,” he concluded.